French Property Purchase - the Compromis de Vente: What it is and Why You Should Want to Know

This is the preliminary contract between the buyersuch as building work to be completed or servicing of
and vendor which sets out the exact conditionsboiler, planning permission etc.
under which the "Acte de vente" will be completed· Penalty clauses describing what action is
and how the transfer of the property will take place.taken if either side fails to fulfil his/her part of the
It is a binding contract that is signed before anydeal
conveyancing takes place by the notary.· Declarations on both the buyer and seller's
There is, however, a seven day cooling off periodcapability to fulfil the contract
during which the purchaser may pull out without· Details of (Frais de Notaire) Notary fees
forfeiting any of his deposit (usually 10% of the· Target completion date
purchase price). This period begins from the time the· Inventory of items included in the sale
buyer receives a signed copy of the compromise andFortunately in France the law states that the vendor
if you decide to pull out of the transaction then youis under a legal obligation to not withhold any
must inform the notaire by written confirmationinformation form the buyer and thus the purchaser is
BEFORE the seven days are over. The buyer doesvery well protected. This includes the following
not have to give any particular reason for this andinformation necessary for the signing of the
should expect your deposit returned to you within 21compromis to take place:
days of the notaire receiving the letter. It must be1) The asbestos survey - Any property built before
noted though that if the purchaser pulls out of thethe 1st of July 1997 must be accompanied by a
deal after this period then you are liable to losing thecertificate detailing whether or not asbestos is
deposit unless any of the "conditions suspensive"present in the building materials used in its
(conditional clauses) are not met.construction which is valid for one year
The Compromis de vente can be signed either at the2) The termite certificate - The vendor must show a
estate agency itself or at the notaire's office. It cancertificate dated within the last three months
be drawn up by the estate agency or by the notaireshowing the absence of termite infection within the
- it is always safer to sign one prepared by a notaryproperty. If the certificate shows that there are in
as it is more likely to protect you and include morefact termites in the building then he must eradicate
details on the transaction.them at his own expense and provide a new
The notary should spend some time with you on thecertificate showing that the building is now free from
details of the transaction and outline any "conditionstermites
suspensives" such as the contract being subject to3) Lead certificate - If the property was built before
mortgage approval for example.January 1st 1948 and is located in an area which has
Information held within the compromis:been identified by the prefecture as an at risk area
· Details of the purchaser and vendor- Youfor containing lead then a certificate must be
will be asked to provide information on your civilproduced showing its presence or not
status which includes the following: Full names,4) Certificat de la loi Carrez - A certificate showing
contact details, passport copies, professions, birththe surface area of each house or flat in a co-owned
and marriage certificates and details of ex spousesproperty
· Title details of the propertyThose four certificates above are essential to have
· A description of the property and a map ofbefore the compromis is signed and they are all
the plot showing its exact location within theprovided by the vendor. Additional information set
commune shown by the "plan cadastral" showing theout below must also be supplied by the vendor as
borders of the property and what buildings arethe notaire carries out the conveyancing:
included in the purchase1) The rental status of the property
· The price of the property2) A certificate to show that the property conforms
· The agreed deposit which is usually 10% ofto the building regulations
the price of the property (excluding the estate3) The building permission for the property
agent's commission). This deposit will normally be held4) Whether or not the property has construction
by the appointed Notaire and should be in his accountinsurance if it is less than ten years old or if it has
upon signing so be prepared and make sure that youhad some work done to it in the last ten years
have enough cleared funds to do this5) The heating system
· Circumstances when the deposit may be6) The gas supply
forfeited (e.g if the buyer pulls out AFTER seven7) The safety standard of the swimming pool
days of receiving the copy of the signed Compromis)8) The drainage system
· Declarations by the vendor and obligationsIt is also useful for the buyer to check to see if
of the purchaserthere is any planning permission on adjacent or
· Certificates of lead, asbestos and termitenearby property and find out exactly what it is so
surveys (detailed below) or arrangements for themthat you know you are not buying something that
· Conditional Clauses that must be fulfilled inwill for example shortly have a high rise apartment
order for the sale to take place. These include theblock built next to it. You can do this simply by
standard clauses pertaining to the searchesvisiting the local Mairie (town hall) and asking for it.
conducted by the Notaire (e.g limitation on theIf you want to know more about the overall process
property being used for its intended purpose), claimsof buying a property in France, see our articles at
on the Title, mortgage acceptance etc. Also additionalGood luck!
clauses can be inserted if agreed by both parties